Open Interest

Open interest is a calculation of the number of active trades for a particular market. Open interest is calculated using futures and options contracts, so it is available for almost any futures or options markets (such as the EUR futures market). Open interest is most often used as an indication of the strength behind the market, but is not the same as volume, which is also often used as a strength indicator.
Open interest is calculated by adding all of the contracts that are associated with opening trades and subtracting all of the contracts that are associated with closing trades. For example, if three traders (trader A, trader B, and trader C) are all trading the NQ futures market, their trades might affect the open interest in the following way:
Trader A enters a long trade by buying one contract Trader B enters a long trade by buying four contracts Trader A exits their trade by selling one contract Trader C enters a short trade by selling four contracts Open interest is not the same as volume. With volume, both entries and exits cause volume to increase, but with open interest, entries cause open interest to increase, while exits cause open interest to decrease.
Open interest is usually used as an indication of the strength of a price movement, but on its own it does not provide any indication of the direction of the price movement.
Increasing open interest shows that there is strength behind the current price movement, and decreasing open interest shows that there is a weakening of the current price movement. For example, increasing open interest along with increasing prices indicates that the upward price movement could continue, but decreasing open interest along with increasing prices indicates that the upward price movement may be about to reverse.
Open interest is also used to determine if a market is likely to be trending or range bound (i.e. choppy). Increasing open interest shows that the rate of new trades is increasing, which indicates that the market is being actively traded. While decreasing open interest shows that the rate of news trades is decreasing, which indicates that the market may be entering a time of less active trading.

NLM & National Endowment for the Humanities to collaborate on initiatives of common interest

The National Library of Medicine (NLM), largest medical library in the world and a component of the National Institutes of Health and the National Endowment for Humanities (NEH) are forming a new partnership. They will cooperate to develop initiatives which bring together scholars, researchers, librarians, doctors and professionals in the cultural heritage from the biomedical Humanities and community in order to share expertise and develop new research programs.

Representatives of the NLM and the NEH signed a memorandum of understanding outlining their partnership and recognize their shared interest to advance health and the spread of education, training and medical information for research, teaching and learning sciences and biomedical communities.

As initial efforts, the partners will work together to:

Explore areas of mutual interest in research, particularly in the fields of digital humanities and history of medicine; develop and participate in programs and courses, training and opportunities for internships and other educational initiatives; andDevelop initiatives to improve access to careers in medicine and health, with particular interest in reaching students who are underrepresented in the fields

On the partner institutions:

The National Endowment for the Humanities is a grant-making agency-Executive, independent of the United States of America, dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities and social sciences that use humanistic methods. NEH accomplishes this mission by providing grants for Humanities projects of high quality cultural institutions such as museums, archives, libraries, schools, universities, public television and radio stations and individual scholars.

Since its founding in 1836, the National Library of Medicine has played a key role in translating biomedical research into practice. NLM, the National Institutes of Health, is the largest medical library in the world, with more than 17 million items in the collection. Leader in innovation of information, is the developer of electronic information services used by scientists, health professionals and audiences around the world. NLM makes its services information known and available with the help of the national network of libraries of medicine, which consists of 5,600 member institutions, including eight regional medical libraries. NLM conducts and supports research that relates to computer and information technology to meet the information needs of doctors, public health administrators, biomedical researchers and consumers.

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NLM & National Endowment for the Humanities to collaborate on initiatives of common interest

The National Library of Medicine (NLM), largest medical library in the world and a component of the National Institutes of Health and the National Endowment for Humanities (NEH) are forming a new partnership. They will cooperate to develop initiatives which bring together scholars, researchers, librarians, doctors and professionals in the cultural heritage from the biomedical Humanities and community in order to share expertise and develop new research programs.

Representatives of the NLM and the NEH signed a memorandum of understanding outlining their partnership and recognize their shared interest to advance health and the spread of education, training and medical information for research, teaching and learning sciences and biomedical communities.

As initial efforts, the partners will work together to:

Explore areas of mutual interest in research, particularly in the fields of digital humanities and history of medicine; develop and participate in programs and courses, training and opportunities for internships and other educational initiatives; andDevelop initiatives to improve access to careers in medicine and health, with particular interest in reaching students who are underrepresented in the fields

On the partner institutions:

The National Endowment for the Humanities is a grant-making agency-Executive, independent of the United States of America, dedicated to supporting research, education, preservation, and public programs in the humanities and social sciences that use humanistic methods. NEH accomplishes this mission by providing grants for Humanities projects of high quality cultural institutions such as museums, archives, libraries, schools, universities, public television and radio stations and individual scholars.

Since its founding in 1836, the National Library of Medicine has played a key role in translating biomedical research into practice. NLM, the National Institutes of Health, is the largest medical library in the world, with more than 17 million items in the collection. Leader in innovation of information, is the developer of electronic information services used by scientists, health professionals and audiences around the world. NLM makes its services information known and available with the help of the national network of libraries of medicine, which consists of 5,600 member institutions, including eight regional medical libraries. NLM conducts and supports research that relates to computer and information technology to meet the information needs of doctors, public health administrators, biomedical researchers and consumers.

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View the original article here

Interest rates should be, right?

This explains the interest rate and the lowest current historical questions in the guest will soon need to go high. General  Dr. Steve Sjuggerud's true wealth advisors, hedge funds, mutual funds, Vice President-Founder/Editor on the article. Launched in 2001, and the United States is one of the most followed newsletter private investor area.  Article originally was featured on a bullion Vault.

Not everyone can go from here, but I think the interest rate Steve Sjuggerud writes his daily wealth email.

Because, today less than 2% 10 year Treasury yield is the lowest in the history of the United States. They simply go right up. ..?

If you believe in him, is part of the "crowd". History for a long time, I can stay this low rate. And probably lower in the next few years. Let me explain…
Darren's latest "big money" survey (April 2008), United States Department of the Treasury of the respondents, only 2 percent of anticipated lower interest rates. Another way that 98% of respondents said they do not expect low prices.

But the interest rate?

Map for Let's take a look at what happened in Japan. In 1996, Japan next-nothing else-we Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke did a few years ago at an interest rate cut, as more than 2 percent.

The chart below shows the long-term interest rates in Japan (solid red) short term interest rates (dotted red lines) along the lower. Japan's long term interest rates fell below 1%. In the long term interest rate 1% below Japan today still.

Only a few years ago, the United States began cutting interest rates dramatically, just like Japan. And just as in the long term interest rates down and slow Japan. America's long term interest rates to 2%. This is just like Japan in Japan began cutting speed.

In the following chart, our long-term interest rates (blue, solid line) over the past five years have ***** and Ben Bernanke's big rate cut (the dotted blue line) in Japan's big rate cuts and on the same date. The result is almost identical ... Successfully.

So, in the long term interest rates away from the United States can be? Absolutely.

Interest rates are on the decline as of the chart show. And while we're on the right track with the 1990 's Japan interest rates. What's more, 98% of the people think it can't go lower rate, according to Barron's survey. And a lot of smart analysts are betting high on them.

They can get along very well. However, as you can see from the history, it is not inevitable. And when the huge majority believes something, as opposed to the market, and habit.

Cash and bonds pay less than discerning great, because buying gold or silver?

Steve Sjuggerud, November ' 12

Please note from bullion Vault-Note: all articles published here are your thoughts, it may not lead. You can decide the best place for your money, and what decisions will put your money at risk. Information or data that they contain, you must verify and overtake the event-there are others-you must choose to act on it.

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India's Dramatic Gold Investment Renews Interest in Precious Physical Metals

The precious metals market was stunned when India opted to buy 200 tonnes, or nearly half, of the International Monetary Fund's gold reserves. India's dramatic play on gold is good for precious metals investors, and it generates renewed interest amongst traditional investors.

The Momentum is Shifting

Never particularly sought for its rapid changes in value, precious metals were present in only a handful of investment portfolios as recently as one decade ago. However, even amongst the general investing populace who hold greater amounts of debt instruments and stock portfolios than precious metals, a change in tide is occurring. After seeing silver prices rally from $4 per ounce nine years ago to $17, while consumer prices stayed flat during the same time period, precious metals are now more of an investment than a hedging instrument.

Two Untapped Markets

Nations, which have historically held vast precious metals reserves, and the common investor are the last frontier for precious metal investments. As countries and ordinary investors realize the potential of precious metals, namely silver, as both a hedge against inflation and as a way to solidify a portfolio, it is certain that prices will rise favorably higher than the percentage shift in demand.

Even India's purchase of 200 tonnes of gold (which is approximately 1/12 of all worldwide production in 2006) was valued only at $7.5 billion. In the grand scheme of international debt obligations, gold and silver production is currently tiny to the amount of money that trades hands every day in the world economy. Should nations begin to stock up on gold and silver, the price could ultimately run through the roof, as less than $50 billion in gold and silver is produced each year while trillions of paper dollars are created by inflation and debt.

Why You Must Own Physical Metal

In the world commodities marketplace, there are billions of dollars of gold and silver that trade hands, but are never in existence.

In one recent example, an exchange-traded fund with more than $3 billion ceased trading. The fund was said to track the value of oil through counterparty trades and futures positions. However, after the closure of the fund, not a single oil contract was traded by the company to bring monies back to investors. The only saving grace shareholders had was the health of the Deutsche Bank, which backed the fund. However, had Deutsche Bank fallen on hard times, it would not have been able to pay out to the investors, who would have lost their entire investment - without a single drop of oil to show for it. The Physical vs. Paper Price Disparity

The rarity of physical metals is often understated. In the commodities marketplace, it is easily seen that the supply of paper gold and silver vastly outweighs the amount of physical metals being made available to investors. On the spot markets, investors pay a premium of only a few pennies, while physical trades often involve a premium of 4-5%. Why does this disparity exist? There is more relative demand for physical metals than there is for paper metals. Physical metals can only be created through mining and taking ownership of the metal, whereas paper metals can be created out of thin air via counter-party risk as seen in the oil fund mentioned above.

In today's economy, cash is no longer king. Instead, paper monies are quickly being replaced by gold and silver, and the adage may easily become, "precious metals are king."

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