The Caucus: Feinstein ‘Open’ to Hearings on Surveillance Programs

Senator Dianne Feinstein, the chairwoman of the Senate Intelligence Committee and a defender of the phone and Internet surveillance programs that have come into public view in recent days, said on Sunday that she would consider holding hearings about them.

“I’m open to doing a hearing every month, if that’s necessary,” she said on the ABC program “This Week.”

But, she added, “Here’s the rub: the instances where this has produced good — has disrupted plots, prevented terrorist attacks, is all classified, that’s what’s so hard about this.”

Ms. Feinstein’s remarks came two days after President Obama commented on news reports, based on leaked government documents, that revealed details about the surveillance programs run by the National Security Agency. The president said he welcomed a debate over the right balance between security and privacy.

Other lawmakers who appeared on the Sunday talk shows were largely supportive of the surveillance programs, often outspokenly so.

Senator John McCain, Republican of Arizona, said he was not bothered by the surveillance. He said on the CNN program “State of the Union” that the threat of terrorism was growing steadily amid turmoil in the Middle East and North Africa, but that further Congressional and executive review of the programs was “entirely appropriate.”

But Senator Mark Udall of Colorado, for years a vocal critic of the government’s electronic surveillance programs, said he was not convinced that a program to collect huge amounts of information about Americans’ phone calls had led to the foiling of any terrorism plots. He also called for a renewed debate over the Patriot Act, which authorizes much of the data collection.

Mr. Udall, a Democrat and a member of the Senate Intelligence Committee, appeared to be distinguishing the results of that program — which uses “metadata” associated with phone calls, including numbers called and the duration of conversations — from those of the newly revealed Prism program, which analyzes data collected from foreigners who use Internet services like Facebook and Skype. Several officials have said Prism has been effective.

“It’s unclear to me that we’ve developed any intelligence through the metadata program that has led to the disruption of plots that we couldn’t have developed through other data and other intelligence,” Mr. Udall said on the CNN program “State of the Union.”

Representative Mike Rogers, a Michigan Republican who is the chairman of the House Intelligence Committee, spoke with barely disguised anger about Glenn Greenwald, whose articles in the newspaper The Guardian last week described the surveillance programs. He added: “The National Security Agency does not listen to Americans’ phone calls, and it is not reading Americans’ e-mails. None of these programs allow that.”

Mr. Greenwald “says that he’s got it all and now is an expert on the program,” Mr. Rogers said on the ABC program “This Week.” “He doesn’t have a clue how this thing works. Neither did the person who released just enough information to literally be dangerous.”

On Sunday, The Guardian identified the leaker as Edward Snowden, a 29-year-old technical assistant who has worked at the National Security Agency for the last four years as an employee for various defense contractors. He most recently worked for Booz Allen Hamilton, according to the newspaper, which said Mr. Snowden asked to be identified after being cited anonymously in earlier reports.

Before Mr. Snowden was identified, Mr. Rogers said of the leaker: “I absolutely think they should be prosecuted.” Ms. Feinstein, Democrat of California, said she agreed.

One lawmaker, Senator Rand Paul of Kentucky, called the surveillance programs unconstitutional and said he would organize a class-action lawsuit against the government through Internet and phone companies. “If we get 10 million Americans saying we don’t want our phone records looked at, then somebody will wake up and say things will change in Washington,” he said on “Fox News Sunday.”

Ms. Feinstein cited two declassified cases in which electronic surveillance data had been used against terrorism suspects, in one case before a plot was carried out: that of David C. Headley, an American who scouted targets in Mumbai, India, in preparation for a deadly attack there, and that of Najibullah Zazi, an Afghan immigrant who pleaded guilty to plotting to set off backpacks full of explosives in the New York subway. The Mumbai attack killed more than 160 people; the subway attack was foiled.

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Edward Snowden, Ex-C.I.A. Worker, Says He Disclosed U.S. Surveillance

During a 12-minute video interview that went online Sunday, Edward Joseph Snowden calmly answered questions about his journey from being a well-compensated government contractor with nearly unlimited access to America’s intelligence secrets to being holed up in a Hong Kong hotel room, the subject of a United States investigation, with the understanding that he could spend the rest of his life in jail.

The revelation came after days of speculation that the source behind a series of leaks that have transfixed Washington must have been a high-level official at one of America’s spy agencies. Instead, the leaker is a relatively low-level employee of a giant government contractor, Booz Allen Hamilton, that has won billions of dollars in secret government contracts over the past decade, partly by aggressively marketing itself as the premier protector of America’s classified computer infrastructure.

The episode presents both international and domestic political difficulties for the Obama administration. If Mr. Snowden remained in China, the White House would have to navigate getting him out of a country that has been America’s greatest adversary on many issues of computer security.

Then the United States must set up a strategy for prosecuting a man whom many will see as a hero for provoking a debate that President Obama himself has said he welcomes — amid already fierce criticism of the administration’s crackdown on leaks. The court-martial of Pfc. Bradley Manning, who released a vast archive of military and diplomatic materials to WikiLeaks, resumes Monday.

Mr. Snowden, who said he was seeking asylum abroad, perhaps in Iceland, gave the interview to The Guardian, the British newspaper and global Web site that during the past week published a string of articles about classified National Security Agency programs. Both The Guardian and The Washington Post, which also published articles disclosing the surveillance programs, identified Mr. Snowden on Sunday as the source for their articles.

In his interview with The Guardian, Mr. Snowden said his job had given him access to myriad secrets that the United States government guards most jealously, including the locations of Central Intelligence Agency stations overseas and the identities of undercover agents working for the United States.

But he said he had been selective in what he disclosed, releasing only what he found to be the greatest abuses of a surveillance state that he came to view as reckless and having grown beyond reasonable boundaries. He was alternately defiant and resigned, saying at one point that the C.I.A. might try to spirit him out of China, and speculating that it might even hire Asian gangs to go after him.

“If you realize that that’s the world you helped create and it is going to get worse with the next generation and the next generation and extend the capabilities of this architecture of oppression, you realize that you might be willing to accept any risks and it doesn’t matter what the outcome is,” Mr. Snowden said.

Some outside experts said the push in recent years to break down barriers between spy agencies and share information across the government had greatly expanded the universe of government employees and outside contractors with access to highly classified intelligence.

“In past years, someone like Snowden may not have had access to briefings detailing these collection programs,” said Cedric Leighton, a former deputy director of the National Security Agency, “but now with the push from a ‘need to know’ to a ‘need to share’ philosophy, it’s far more likely for an I.T. contractor like him to gain access to such documents.”

Mr. Snowden’s disclosures prompted some calls from Congress on Sunday to hold hearings about the surveillance programs or reopen debate on portions of the Patriot Act.

Reporting was contributed by Keith Bradsher from Hong Kong, Nicole Perlroth from San Francisco, and Emmarie Huetteman and David E. Sanger from Washington.

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