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Showing posts with label Duration. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Duration. Show all posts

Saturday, June 15, 2013

Dynamic message signs: duration and yellow alerts

Late to work - again-, Kroll highway. Did you make it? Fortunately, is electronic signs forward — reads it more than 15 minutes to exit. Save the mark!

Is driving down the highway when I see broadcast another day another road signs. "Amber Alert! , "It says. Drivers on the highway of hundreds on the lookout for vehicles not only listen to radio or local television news, provides a description of the car you know all the people.

Road signs are their origins are Roman stone marker has come a long way from. History of road signs for years has been about 30 years around past hundreds of electronic road signs and dynamic messages or variable message signs.

Dynamic road signs began as a diesel generator to spell words the small light bulbs. 1980 Use signs during the flip dot became popular. To create another message with one aspect of these signs em fluorescent green black dot I flipped for use. Light emitting diode, or LED, is to use the techniques still being used today in the 1990s, started the company.

Control the signs warning drivers construction on work, blocking traffic, detour and dangerous weather conditions, accidents, transportation. For example, if you are obstructing vehicular traffic on disability or accident can lead towards a dynamic message signs drivers open lanes. Space weather encounter, not just winter weather, fog and strong winds in the ice and snow and mudslides and falling rocks signs of driver alerts.

You can track for signs of technical staff to update sign not only advises the travel time for drivers of traffic flow. Whether they are. If you like cars, E-ZPass automatic price toll collection tag well, in Colorado, for example, speed sensor how according to the Colorado Springs Gazette practice it is a travel search is used. These sensors also estimated how many cars are on the road and identify expressions to collect data ( drivers food and coffee stops if ) long travel time to remove the vehicle data is used. Results are frequently updated and displayed in the digital signage gives estimated travel time.

Signs law enforcement officers are missing as a tool in addition to alert drivers about the danger or to decline to find through use of child amber color warning system. AMBER Alert — stand: broadcasting emergency response alert — notifies the State transportation officials and media outlets missing children. When amber color warning information displayed includes car make, model, color and license plate number if the electronic highway signs.

Department of Justice report was overall yellow alert 621 learn that adults abducted children is leading to the recovery of the United States warning is issued when contributes children released often. If the Amber Alert can help drivers do a good deed by reporting sightings of digital signatures to provide the critical information without use, they also kidnapped children.

That can make for a comfortable driving experience for today's dynamic message signs provides valuable information that can save lives. Technology made last century huge strides. Next 100 years technological innovation, sign predictions do?


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Sunday, January 13, 2013

Thursday, June 14, 2012

Secular trends in adult sleep duration: A systematic review

Little evidence exists to support the common assertion that adult sleep duration has declined. We investigated secular trends in sleep duration over the past 40 years through a systematic review.

Systematic search of 5 electronic databases was conducted to identify repeat cross-sectional studies of sleep duration in community-dwelling adults using comparable sampling frames and measures over time. We also attempted to access unpublished or semi-published data sources in the form of government reports, theses and conference proceedings. No studies were excluded based on language or publication date. The search identified 278 potential reports, from which twelve relevant studies were identified for review.

The 12 studies described data from 15 countries from the 1960s until the 2000s. Self-reported average sleep duration of adults had increased in 7 countries: Bulgaria, Poland, Canada, France, Britain, Korea and the Netherlands (range: 0.1–1.7 min per night each year) and had decreased in 6 countries: Japan, Russia, Finland, Germany, Belgium and Austria (range: 0.1–0.6 min per night each year). Inconsistent results were found for the United States and Sweden.

There has not been a consistent decrease in the self-reported sleep duration of adults from the 1960s to 2000s. However, it is unclear whether the proportions of very short and very long sleepers have increased over the same period, which may be of greater relevance for public health.

Table 1. Literature search strategy and number of results for each database.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 2. Summary of included results by country (some studies have multiple results).

View table in articleView Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


View the original article here

Secular trends in adult sleep duration: A systematic review

Little evidence exists to support the common assertion that adult sleep duration has declined. We investigated secular trends in sleep duration over the past 40 years through a systematic review.

Systematic search of 5 electronic databases was conducted to identify repeat cross-sectional studies of sleep duration in community-dwelling adults using comparable sampling frames and measures over time. We also attempted to access unpublished or semi-published data sources in the form of government reports, theses and conference proceedings. No studies were excluded based on language or publication date. The search identified 278 potential reports, from which twelve relevant studies were identified for review.

The 12 studies described data from 15 countries from the 1960s until the 2000s. Self-reported average sleep duration of adults had increased in 7 countries: Bulgaria, Poland, Canada, France, Britain, Korea and the Netherlands (range: 0.1–1.7 min per night each year) and had decreased in 6 countries: Japan, Russia, Finland, Germany, Belgium and Austria (range: 0.1–0.6 min per night each year). Inconsistent results were found for the United States and Sweden.

There has not been a consistent decrease in the self-reported sleep duration of adults from the 1960s to 2000s. However, it is unclear whether the proportions of very short and very long sleepers have increased over the same period, which may be of greater relevance for public health.

Table 1. Literature search strategy and number of results for each database.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 2. Summary of included results by country (some studies have multiple results).

View table in articleView Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.


View the original article here

Wednesday, June 13, 2012

Longitudinal associations between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain: A systematic review

a Doctoral Program in Population Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, HSC Level 3, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, USAb Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate Program in Public Health, HSC Level 3, room 071, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, USAReceived 31 December 2010. Revised 19 May 2011. Accepted 23 May 2011. Available online 23 July 2011.View full text To systematically examine the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain in observational longitudinal human studies.

Systematic review of twenty longitudinal studies published from 2004–October 31, 2010.

While adult studies (n = 13) reported inconsistent results on the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain, studies with children (n = 7) more consistently reported a positive relationship between short sleep duration and weight gain.

While shorter sleep duration consistently predicts subsequent weight gain in children, the relationship is not clear in adults. We discuss possible limitations of the current studies: 1) the diminishing association between short sleep duration on weight gain over time after transition to short sleep, 2) lack of inclusion of appropriate confounding, mediating, and moderating variables (i.e., sleep complaints and sedentary behavior), and 3) measurement issues.

prs.rt("abs_end");Sleep; Obesity; Weight gain; Longitudinal studiesBMI, Body mass index; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Figures and tables from this article:

Fig. 1. Illustration of literature search.

View Within ArticleFig. 2. Patel & Hu Model2 with media use added.

View Within ArticleTable 1. Adult studies.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 2. Adult Study Independent Variables.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 3. Children Studies.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 4. Children Study Independent Variables.

View table in articleView Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

prs.rt('data_end');

View the original article here

Longitudinal associations between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain: A systematic review

a Doctoral Program in Population Health and Clinical Outcomes Research, Department of Preventive Medicine, HSC Level 3, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, USAb Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate Program in Public Health, HSC Level 3, room 071, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794-8338, USAReceived 31 December 2010. Revised 19 May 2011. Accepted 23 May 2011. Available online 23 July 2011.View full text To systematically examine the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain in observational longitudinal human studies.

Systematic review of twenty longitudinal studies published from 2004–October 31, 2010.

While adult studies (n = 13) reported inconsistent results on the relationship between sleep duration and subsequent weight gain, studies with children (n = 7) more consistently reported a positive relationship between short sleep duration and weight gain.

While shorter sleep duration consistently predicts subsequent weight gain in children, the relationship is not clear in adults. We discuss possible limitations of the current studies: 1) the diminishing association between short sleep duration on weight gain over time after transition to short sleep, 2) lack of inclusion of appropriate confounding, mediating, and moderating variables (i.e., sleep complaints and sedentary behavior), and 3) measurement issues.

prs.rt("abs_end");Sleep; Obesity; Weight gain; Longitudinal studiesBMI, Body mass index; CDC, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Figures and tables from this article:

Fig. 1. Illustration of literature search.

View Within ArticleFig. 2. Patel & Hu Model2 with media use added.

View Within ArticleTable 1. Adult studies.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 2. Adult Study Independent Variables.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 3. Children Studies.

View table in articleView Within ArticleTable 4. Children Study Independent Variables.

View table in articleView Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

prs.rt('data_end');

View the original article here