Business Tax Working Group final report on the tax treatment of losses - 13 April 2012

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Gun violence group starts work

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"We have to take action," Vice President Joe Biden saysNancy Lanza is buried at an undisclosed location, a family friend says Adam Lanza will be buried "if anything ... in the spring," he addsThree 6-year-old victims are buried; bells will ring Friday in observance of one-week mark

(CNN) -- Much of the nation was set to mark the passage of a week since last Friday, when a young Connecticut man fatally shot 27 people -- 20 of them children -- and then turned a gun on himself in a rampage that has breathed new life into the gun-control movement.

Church bells are to toll across the region at 9:30 a.m. and some websites plan to go dark in honor of the victims at the urging of Silicon Valley venture capitalist Ron Conway, who came up with the idea at a Christmas party attended by Gabby Giffords, the former Arizona congresswoman who was wounded in a 2011 shooting that killed six.

Kansas Gov. Sam Brownback and Texas Gov. Rick Perry have called for residents of their states to pause to reflect one week after the shooting rampage. Perry also asked that churches ring their bells 26 times in honor of the victims at the school.

The observances are to come a day after President Barack Obama's administration put into motion an effort to change U.S. gun laws, less than a week after the Newtown, Connecticut, school shootings.

Vice President Joe Biden met with Cabinet members and law enforcement leaders at the White House to start formulating what Obama called "real reforms right now" in the wake of the shootings that killed 27 people -- including 20 children -- and the shooter himself.

"We have to take action, and there are a number of things ... we can immediately do," Biden said moments before the meeting began. "For anything to get done, we're going to need your advocacy."

Also Thursday, burials were held for three children and two teachers killed when Adam Lanza opened fire inside Sandy Hook Elementary School.

"It's an assembly line of wakes and funerals," said Lillian Bittman, former chairwoman of the Newtown School Board. "We can't even figure out which ones to go to. There are so many."

The assembly line stretched more than 2,200 miles west to Ogden, Utah, the hometown of shooting victim Emilie Parker. The town was festooned with pink ribbons as her parents brought her body back for burial.

"This sucks -- there's no reason for us to be here tonight," her father, Robbie Parker, told friends and well-wishers at a memorial service Thursday night. "And I'm so thankful for everybody that's here."

His voice trailed off as he struggled for composure. Seeing the pink -- his slain daughter's favorite color -- made him and his wife, Alissa, "feel like we were getting a big hug from everybody."

"A lot of you don't even know who she is. A lot of you never even met her," he said. "And to see your love be expressed in that way for us was so meaningful, and we were so comforted."

Parker drew laughter when he said, "A lot of people have been asking how we're doing. My opinion is, we need to come with an alternate way to greet somebody in this country." He said the first days after the shooting felt like "we were mourning inside of a glass house, because there was so much attention on the whole situation, and it was really hard to deal with.

"But then, as we come here and we start to see and feel all your love, we just know that everybody's just deeply concerned and we can feel that love and it's from a pure place and your intentions are so pure, we don't feel like people are prying," he continued. "We understand that you guys are there with us and that your pain and your sorrow is real and it's deep."

Also buried Thursday, at an undisclosed location, was Nancy Lanza, the shooter's mother, said Donald Briggs, a friend of the family who grew up with her in Kingston, New Hampshire.

Plans had not been finalized for the burial of her son, Adam, who fatally shot her Friday at their home before targeting the Newtown school and eventually taking his own life. "That's still under discussion," Briggs said. "If anything, it would be in the spring."

Three 6-year-olds were among those buried Thursday: Allison Wyatt, who loved to draw and wanted to be an artist; Benjamin Wheeler, who loved the Beatles; and red-haired Catherine Hubbard, who loved animals.

Teachers Lauren Gabrielle Rousseau and Anne Marie Murphy were also to be buried.

Victims of the slaying

The deaths have prompted a national outpouring of sympathy that continued Thursday. Carloads of teenagers from a Minnesota school that suffered a mass shooting in 2005 headed toward Newtown to offer their support.

The bloodshed has prompted an outcry among many to address gun laws and violence.

A slight majority of Americans favor major restrictions on guns: 52%, up 5 points from a survey taken in August after the July shooting inside a movie theater in Aurora, Colorado, where 12 people died, according to a CNN/ORC International poll released Wednesday.

And 46% say they believe the government must play a role in solving the issue, up 13 points from January 2011, after the Tucson, Arizona, shooting that killed six and wounded Gabby Giffords, who was then a member of Congress.

Task force begins work

Joining Biden at Thursday's task force meeting on gun violence were Attorney General Eric Holder, Secretary of Education Arne Duncan, Homeland Security Secretary Janet Napolitano and Health and Human Services Secretary Kathleen Sebelius. Law enforcement officials also attended.

On Wednesday, Obama ordered the group to provide proposals by the end of January.

"The fact that this problem is complex can no longer be an excuse for doing nothing," he said. "The fact that we can't prevent every act of violence doesn't mean we can't steadily reduce the violence and prevent the very worst violence."

Obama highlighted suggestions to restrict gun sales to criminals and the mentally ill and to improve access to mental health care.

Holder was to travel later in the day to Connecticut to meet with law enforcement officials and first responders, a Justice Department official said.

Since the shootings, a number of conservative Democrats and some Republicans who have supported gun rights have said they are open to discussing the issue.

Sen. Dianne Feinstein, D-California, said she will introduce legislation to reinstate the assault weapons ban that expired in 2004. The White House has said that the president supports that effort.

More than 195,000 people have signed an online White House petition supporting new gun-control legislation.

The gun industry itself has been largely silent on the issue; the National Rifle Association said Tuesday it would offer "meaningful contributions to help make sure this never happens again." The group has scheduled a news conference for Friday morning.

Gun control advocates say they believe the killings have so shocked the nation's conscience that change may be possible.

"I think that we are at a historic moment," said Sen. Richard Blumenthal, D-Connecticut.

Strengthening security

In Ontario, Premier Dalton McGuinty made $10 million available to pay for security upgrades to establish a locked-door policy at 4,000 of the province's elementary schools.

"We're not going to brick up these windows; that would be unreasonable. But I believe there is a reasonable expectation by parents that when their kids go to elementary school in Ontario that we will have a locked-door policy in place," he said.

HLN journalist Rita Cosby and CNN's Matt Smith, Deborah Feyerick, Ben Brumfield, Jessica Yellin, Dave Alsup, Susan Candiotti, Sandra Endo, Faith Karimi and Daphne Sashin contributed to this report.

Details continue to emerge about what precisely happened at Sandy Hook Elementary School. Here is a timeline of events that compiles the latest reporting. An interactive tribute to the victims of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting. December 21, 2012 -- Updated 1106 GMT (1906 HKT) Much of the nation will observe a moment of silence Friday morning to honor the victims gunned down a week ago at Sandy Hook Elementary School. And after keeping relatively quiet for a week, the National Rifle Association will comment on the shooting at a news conference an hour and fifteen minutes later.December 19, 2012 -- Updated 1517 GMT (2317 HKT) Amid the chaos that first-responder Ray Corbo witnessed on Friday, there is one image that he will never forget.December 20, 2012 -- Updated 1502 GMT (2302 HKT) In many ways, Josh Stepakoff's childhood came to an abrupt halt at 10:49 a.m. on August 10, 1999. December 20, 2012 -- Updated 0316 GMT (1116 HKT) As U.S. President Barack Obama set a January deadline for proposals to deal with gun violence, new details emerged Wednesday about the mother of the gunman who killed 27 people in a Connecticut shooting rampage last week. December 20, 2012 -- Updated 1440 GMT (2240 HKT) When Lauren Rousseau's boyfriend wakes up, he can smell her perfume. December 18, 2012 -- Updated 1537 GMT (2337 HKT) Friday began with the mundane. A chilly December day, Christmas on many residents' minds.December 18, 2012 -- Updated 1530 GMT (2330 HKT) Placing yourself in the path of flying bullets to protect innocents. It's a job description fitting for a soldier or police officer, but not for a school teacher.December 18, 2012 -- Updated 1519 GMT (2319 HKT) Ken Henggeler poured his grief into the thing he loved most: carpentry.December 19, 2012 -- Updated 1432 GMT (2232 HKT) Bob Skuba is a whirl of energy. Outspoken, loud and opinionated, he's the embodiment of East Coast bravado. December 17, 2012 -- Updated 1045 GMT (1845 HKT) Robbie Parker has a message for the family of the gunman who killed his 6-year-old daughter and 19 of her school mates. December 20, 2012 -- Updated 1625 GMT (0025 HKT) As the nation sent up a collective wail of grief over the 26 people slaughtered, the nation's leading gun rights lobby remained silent, until now. December 17, 2012 -- Updated 1949 GMT (0349 HKT) Security experts predict what comes next: A strong reaction -- maybe an overreaction -- to school safety. And within months, it'll be back to cuttign security budgets.December 19, 2012 -- Updated 2036 GMT (0436 HKT) Learn how to help the victims and families affected by the Connecticut school shooting tragedy.Today's five most popular stories

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Medical group said key elements well woman exams

Tuesday, 24 July, HealthDay News)--the latest guidelines for cervical cancer screening say that most women don't need annual Pap smears, but they still need yearly exams well woman with their obstetrician/gynecologist, according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

In the opinion of the Committee, released Monday, the College outlines when women should undergo pelvic exams, which women need clinical examination of mammary glands and why the Bureau visit the annual well woman is important.

Annual well woman exam is an opportunity for doctors to advise patients about following a healthy lifestyle and reducing health risks. The trip includes a physical exam that assesses general health, including blood pressure and weight.

A pelvic exam is a common part of the visit, the OB-GYN and includes three parts: external examination, an internal exam and exam mirror internal/external keyboard, according to the press release of the APS. Women should begin annual pelvic exams are held at the age of 21.

Young women do not have to pass an internal examination, if they do not have signs of menstrual disorders, vaginal discharge, pelvic pain or other symptoms related to reproductive, said College.

Screening for sexually transmitted infections can be done using urine or vaginal tampons without an internal exam.

Another important part of the visit, the good woman is a clinical breast exam. This should be done every one to three years for women aged 20 to 39, according to ACOG and other groups, health/medical. Women aged 40 years and older must have annual mammograms and clinical breast exams annually, ACOG recommends.

Decisions on the appropriateness of the internal pelvic exam breast exams or should always be with the consent of the patient, "said ACOG.

In the August issue of the journal obstetrics and Gynecology & appears in the Committee's opinion.

--Robert Preidt Copyright © 2012 HealthDay. All rights reserved. Source: American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, press release, July 23, 2012

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When gender matters: Restless legs syndrome. Report of the “RLS and woman” workshop endorsed by the European RLS Study Group

Mauro Manconia, , , Jan Ulfbergb, Klaus Bergerc, Imad Ghorayebd, Jan Wesströme, Stephany Fuldaf, Richard P. Alleng, Thomas Pollmächerf, ha Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter (EOC) of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital, Lugano, Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerlandb Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swedenc Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germanyd Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, Francee Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Swedenf Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germanyg Center of Mental Health, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germanyh Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USAReceived 13 May 2011. Revised 30 August 2011. Accepted 30 August 2011. Available online 9 November 2011.View full text Sleep is an essential human behavior that shows prominent gender differences. Disturbed sleep, in particular, is much more prevalent in females than males. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) as one cause of disturbed sleep was observed to be somewhat more common among women than men in Ekbom's 1945 seminal series of clinical cases with the disease. He, however, reported this gender difference mainly for those with more severe symptoms. Since then numerous studies have reported that women are affected by RLS about twice as often as males for mild as well as moderate to severe RLS. The present review focuses on RLS in females from the perspectives of both epidemiology and pathophysiology. RLS will generally become worse or might appear for the first time during pregnancy. Parity increases the risk of RLS later in life suggesting that pregnancy is a specific behavioral risk factor for developing RLS. Some evidence suggests that dysfunction in iron metabolism and high estrogen levels might contribute to RLS during pregnancy. But, menopause does not lower the incidence of RLS nor does hormone replacement therapy lead to an increase, suggesting a quite complex uncertain role of hormones in the pathophysiology of RLS. Therefore, further, preferably longitudinal studies are needed to unravel the factors causing RLS in women. These studies should include genetic, clinical and polysomnographic variables, as well as hormonal measures and variables assessing iron metabolism.

prs.rt("abs_end");Restless legs syndrome; Gender; Female; Sleep; Insomnia; Pregnancy; Estrogens; Menopause; Quality of life

Figures and tables from this article:

Fig. 1. Epidemiological results on RLS and pregnancy. Histograms show the prevalence trend of RLS in a group of 606 women surveyed at the end of pregnancy. In the period before pregnancy, 60 women already experienced RLS symptoms in their life (in a non pregnancy period) and were classified as “pre-existing RLS”. The remaining 546 women had never experienced RLS symptoms before and were classified as “healthy”. During the first assessed pregnancy (2nd histogram) 101 women, out of the 546 “healthy” ones, developed a transient RLS form strictly related to the pregnancy and were classified as “pregnancy-related RLS”. All these 101 women with a new form of pregnancy-related RLS form, except 6 women, recovered after delivery (3rd histogram). Fifty nine of the same pregnancy-related RLS group suffered again RLS symptoms during a further following pregnancy. After a mean follow up of 7 years, 25 out of the 101 women who experienced the symptoms during the first pregnancy (pregnancy-related RLS group) developed a chronic apparently idiopathic RLS form even out of pregnancy. Elaborated data from the study of Cesnik et al.37

View Within ArticleFig. 2. Prevalence of RLS among women in two age groups and according to number of children born in the German general practioner study.43

View Within ArticleFig. 3. Median serum ferritin by age for major USA gender and population groups.

View Within ArticleFig. 4. Prevalence of clinically significant RLS by gender and age from large European and United States population-based samples. (Slightly modified from Allen et al).21

View Within ArticleTable 1. Studies on the prevalence of RLS performed in random samples of the general population of different countries, using the IRLSSG criteria to assess the diagnosis.

View Within ArticleTable 2. Epidemiological studies published in literature on RLS prevalence that included an assessment on the quality of life.

Abbreviations: EQ-5D VAS, visual analogue scale score for the EQ-5D, a quality of life questionnaire developed by the EuroQoL Group; HRQoL, health related quality of life; MCS, mental component score of the SF-36; RLS, restless legs syndrome; PCS, physical component score of the SF-36; SF-36, SF-12, short form health survey.

View Within ArticleTable 3. Studies exploring the role of estrogens in RLS.

Abbreviations: AC, active controlled; CO, crossover; DB, double blind; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; IQR, interquartile range; PC, placebo controlled; PG, parallel group; PLM, periodic leg movements; R, randomized; SD, standard deviation.

View Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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When gender matters: Restless legs syndrome. Report of the “RLS and woman” workshop endorsed by the European RLS Study Group

Mauro Manconia, , , Jan Ulfbergb, Klaus Bergerc, Imad Ghorayebd, Jan Wesströme, Stephany Fuldaf, Richard P. Alleng, Thomas Pollmächerf, ha Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter (EOC) of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital, Lugano, Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerlandb Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swedenc Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germanyd Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, Francee Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Swedenf Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germanyg Center of Mental Health, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germanyh Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USAReceived 13 May 2011. Revised 30 August 2011. Accepted 30 August 2011. Available online 9 November 2011.View full text Sleep is an essential human behavior that shows prominent gender differences. Disturbed sleep, in particular, is much more prevalent in females than males. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) as one cause of disturbed sleep was observed to be somewhat more common among women than men in Ekbom's 1945 seminal series of clinical cases with the disease. He, however, reported this gender difference mainly for those with more severe symptoms. Since then numerous studies have reported that women are affected by RLS about twice as often as males for mild as well as moderate to severe RLS. The present review focuses on RLS in females from the perspectives of both epidemiology and pathophysiology. RLS will generally become worse or might appear for the first time during pregnancy. Parity increases the risk of RLS later in life suggesting that pregnancy is a specific behavioral risk factor for developing RLS. Some evidence suggests that dysfunction in iron metabolism and high estrogen levels might contribute to RLS during pregnancy. But, menopause does not lower the incidence of RLS nor does hormone replacement therapy lead to an increase, suggesting a quite complex uncertain role of hormones in the pathophysiology of RLS. Therefore, further, preferably longitudinal studies are needed to unravel the factors causing RLS in women. These studies should include genetic, clinical and polysomnographic variables, as well as hormonal measures and variables assessing iron metabolism.

prs.rt("abs_end");Restless legs syndrome; Gender; Female; Sleep; Insomnia; Pregnancy; Estrogens; Menopause; Quality of life

Figures and tables from this article:

Fig. 1. Epidemiological results on RLS and pregnancy. Histograms show the prevalence trend of RLS in a group of 606 women surveyed at the end of pregnancy. In the period before pregnancy, 60 women already experienced RLS symptoms in their life (in a non pregnancy period) and were classified as “pre-existing RLS”. The remaining 546 women had never experienced RLS symptoms before and were classified as “healthy”. During the first assessed pregnancy (2nd histogram) 101 women, out of the 546 “healthy” ones, developed a transient RLS form strictly related to the pregnancy and were classified as “pregnancy-related RLS”. All these 101 women with a new form of pregnancy-related RLS form, except 6 women, recovered after delivery (3rd histogram). Fifty nine of the same pregnancy-related RLS group suffered again RLS symptoms during a further following pregnancy. After a mean follow up of 7 years, 25 out of the 101 women who experienced the symptoms during the first pregnancy (pregnancy-related RLS group) developed a chronic apparently idiopathic RLS form even out of pregnancy. Elaborated data from the study of Cesnik et al.37

View Within ArticleFig. 2. Prevalence of RLS among women in two age groups and according to number of children born in the German general practioner study.43

View Within ArticleFig. 3. Median serum ferritin by age for major USA gender and population groups.

View Within ArticleFig. 4. Prevalence of clinically significant RLS by gender and age from large European and United States population-based samples. (Slightly modified from Allen et al).21

View Within ArticleTable 1. Studies on the prevalence of RLS performed in random samples of the general population of different countries, using the IRLSSG criteria to assess the diagnosis.

View Within ArticleTable 2. Epidemiological studies published in literature on RLS prevalence that included an assessment on the quality of life.

Abbreviations: EQ-5D VAS, visual analogue scale score for the EQ-5D, a quality of life questionnaire developed by the EuroQoL Group; HRQoL, health related quality of life; MCS, mental component score of the SF-36; RLS, restless legs syndrome; PCS, physical component score of the SF-36; SF-36, SF-12, short form health survey.

View Within ArticleTable 3. Studies exploring the role of estrogens in RLS.

Abbreviations: AC, active controlled; CO, crossover; DB, double blind; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; IQR, interquartile range; PC, placebo controlled; PG, parallel group; PLM, periodic leg movements; R, randomized; SD, standard deviation.

View Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

prs.rt('data_end');

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When gender matters: Restless legs syndrome. Report of the “RLS and woman” workshop endorsed by the European RLS Study Group

Mauro Manconia, , , Jan Ulfbergb, Klaus Bergerc, Imad Ghorayebd, Jan Wesströme, Stephany Fuldaf, Richard P. Alleng, Thomas Pollmächerf, ha Sleep and Epilepsy Center, Neurocenter (EOC) of Southern Switzerland, Civic Hospital, Lugano, Via Tesserete 46, 6900 Lugano, Switzerlandb Department of Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Swedenc Institute of Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germanyd Clinical Neurophysiology Department, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Bordeaux, Bordeaux cedex, Francee Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Swedenf Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germanyg Center of Mental Health, Klinikum Ingolstadt, Ingolstadt, Germanyh Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Bayview Medical Center, Baltimore, MD, USAReceived 13 May 2011. Revised 30 August 2011. Accepted 30 August 2011. Available online 9 November 2011.View full text Sleep is an essential human behavior that shows prominent gender differences. Disturbed sleep, in particular, is much more prevalent in females than males. Restless legs syndrome (RLS) as one cause of disturbed sleep was observed to be somewhat more common among women than men in Ekbom's 1945 seminal series of clinical cases with the disease. He, however, reported this gender difference mainly for those with more severe symptoms. Since then numerous studies have reported that women are affected by RLS about twice as often as males for mild as well as moderate to severe RLS. The present review focuses on RLS in females from the perspectives of both epidemiology and pathophysiology. RLS will generally become worse or might appear for the first time during pregnancy. Parity increases the risk of RLS later in life suggesting that pregnancy is a specific behavioral risk factor for developing RLS. Some evidence suggests that dysfunction in iron metabolism and high estrogen levels might contribute to RLS during pregnancy. But, menopause does not lower the incidence of RLS nor does hormone replacement therapy lead to an increase, suggesting a quite complex uncertain role of hormones in the pathophysiology of RLS. Therefore, further, preferably longitudinal studies are needed to unravel the factors causing RLS in women. These studies should include genetic, clinical and polysomnographic variables, as well as hormonal measures and variables assessing iron metabolism.

prs.rt("abs_end");Restless legs syndrome; Gender; Female; Sleep; Insomnia; Pregnancy; Estrogens; Menopause; Quality of life

Figures and tables from this article:

Fig. 1. Epidemiological results on RLS and pregnancy. Histograms show the prevalence trend of RLS in a group of 606 women surveyed at the end of pregnancy. In the period before pregnancy, 60 women already experienced RLS symptoms in their life (in a non pregnancy period) and were classified as “pre-existing RLS”. The remaining 546 women had never experienced RLS symptoms before and were classified as “healthy”. During the first assessed pregnancy (2nd histogram) 101 women, out of the 546 “healthy” ones, developed a transient RLS form strictly related to the pregnancy and were classified as “pregnancy-related RLS”. All these 101 women with a new form of pregnancy-related RLS form, except 6 women, recovered after delivery (3rd histogram). Fifty nine of the same pregnancy-related RLS group suffered again RLS symptoms during a further following pregnancy. After a mean follow up of 7 years, 25 out of the 101 women who experienced the symptoms during the first pregnancy (pregnancy-related RLS group) developed a chronic apparently idiopathic RLS form even out of pregnancy. Elaborated data from the study of Cesnik et al.37

View Within ArticleFig. 2. Prevalence of RLS among women in two age groups and according to number of children born in the German general practioner study.43

View Within ArticleFig. 3. Median serum ferritin by age for major USA gender and population groups.

View Within ArticleFig. 4. Prevalence of clinically significant RLS by gender and age from large European and United States population-based samples. (Slightly modified from Allen et al).21

View Within ArticleTable 1. Studies on the prevalence of RLS performed in random samples of the general population of different countries, using the IRLSSG criteria to assess the diagnosis.

View Within ArticleTable 2. Epidemiological studies published in literature on RLS prevalence that included an assessment on the quality of life.

Abbreviations: EQ-5D VAS, visual analogue scale score for the EQ-5D, a quality of life questionnaire developed by the EuroQoL Group; HRQoL, health related quality of life; MCS, mental component score of the SF-36; RLS, restless legs syndrome; PCS, physical component score of the SF-36; SF-36, SF-12, short form health survey.

View Within ArticleTable 3. Studies exploring the role of estrogens in RLS.

Abbreviations: AC, active controlled; CO, crossover; DB, double blind; HRT, hormone replacement therapy; IQR, interquartile range; PC, placebo controlled; PG, parallel group; PLM, periodic leg movements; R, randomized; SD, standard deviation.

View Within ArticleCopyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

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Test group b strep

By Mayo Clinic staff

Group B Streptococcus — also called Group B streptococci — is a common bacterium often carried in the gut or lower genital tract. Although Group b streptococci are usually harmless in adults, can cause pregnancy complications and serious illness in infants. If you are pregnant, health care provider will recommend probably a test group b strep during the third quarter.

During a group b strep test, health care provider will buffer your vagina and rectum and send the samples to a laboratory for testing. In some cases, you may be given instructions on how to collect the samples alone. Because it can occur in certain positive and negative moments at other times, it is necessary to repeat that the Group b strep test whenever you are pregnant.

If the test group b strep is negative, no action is required. If the strep test group b is positive, you will be given antibiotics during labor to prevent disease Group b strep in your child.

Refers to Puopolo KM, et al., infection with Group b strep in pregnant women. http://www.uptodate.com/index. The 29 December 2011. Puopolo KM, et al., infection with Group b Streptococcus in young children and infants. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed 29 December 2011. pregnancy and Group b Streptococcus. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.ACOG.org/~/media/for%20Patients/faq105.ashx?DMC = TS = 1 & 20111229T1430272285. Accessed on 29 December, 2011. Group B strep (GBS): prevention in infants. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/about/prevention.html. Accessed 29 December 2011. Centers for disease prevention and control. Prevention of perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease: revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR. 2010; 59 (Cod. RR-10): 1. http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/Preview/mmwrhtml/rr5910a1.htm. The 29 December 2011. Murry MM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota February 24, 2012.

 

Test group b strep

By Mayo Clinic staff

Group B Streptococcus — also called Group B streptococci — is a common bacterium often carried in the gut or lower genital tract. Although Group b streptococci are usually harmless in adults, can cause pregnancy complications and serious illness in infants. If you are pregnant, health care provider will recommend probably a test group b strep during the third quarter.

During a group b strep test, health care provider will buffer your vagina and rectum and send the samples to a laboratory for testing. In some cases, you may be given instructions on how to collect the samples alone. Because it can occur in certain positive and negative moments at other times, it is necessary to repeat that the Group b strep test whenever you are pregnant.

If the test group b strep is negative, no action is required. If the strep test group b is positive, you will be given antibiotics during labor to prevent disease Group b strep in your child.

Refers to Puopolo KM, et al., infection with Group b strep in pregnant women. http://www.uptodate.com/index. The 29 December 2011. Puopolo KM, et al., infection with Group b Streptococcus in young children and infants. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed 29 December 2011. pregnancy and Group b Streptococcus. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.ACOG.org/~/media/for%20Patients/faq105.ashx?DMC = TS = 1 & 20111229T1430272285. Accessed on 29 December, 2011. Group B strep (GBS): prevention in infants. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/about/prevention.html. Accessed 29 December 2011. Centers for disease prevention and control. Prevention of perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease: revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR. 2010; 59 (Cod. RR-10): 1. http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/Preview/mmwrhtml/rr5910a1.htm. The 29 December 2011. Murry MM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota February 24, 2012.

 

Test group b strep

By Mayo Clinic staff

Group B Streptococcus — also called Group B streptococci — is a common bacterium often carried in the gut or lower genital tract. Although Group b streptococci are usually harmless in adults, can cause pregnancy complications and serious illness in infants. If you are pregnant, health care provider will recommend probably a test group b strep during the third quarter.

During a group b strep test, health care provider will buffer your vagina and rectum and send the samples to a laboratory for testing. In some cases, you may be given instructions on how to collect the samples alone. Because it can occur in certain positive and negative moments at other times, it is necessary to repeat that the Group b strep test whenever you are pregnant.

If the test group b strep is negative, no action is required. If the strep test group b is positive, you will be given antibiotics during labor to prevent disease Group b strep in your child.

Refers to Puopolo KM, et al., infection with Group b strep in pregnant women. http://www.uptodate.com/index. The 29 December 2011. Puopolo KM, et al., infection with Group b Streptococcus in young children and infants. http://www.uptodate.com/index. Accessed 29 December 2011. pregnancy and Group b Streptococcus. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. http://www.ACOG.org/~/media/for%20Patients/faq105.ashx?DMC = TS = 1 & 20111229T1430272285. Accessed on 29 December, 2011. Group B strep (GBS): prevention in infants. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/groupbstrep/about/prevention.html. Accessed 29 December 2011. Centers for disease prevention and control. Prevention of perinatal Group B Streptococcal Disease: revised guidelines from CDC, 2010. MMWR. 2010; 59 (Cod. RR-10): 1. http://www.cdc.gov/MMWR/Preview/mmwrhtml/rr5910a1.htm. The 29 December 2011. Murry MM (expert opinion). Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota February 24, 2012.